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The Incentives Lab
Mental Models · Behavior

Six-Step Reframe

A negotiation between conscious goals and the unconscious 'positive intention' behind a problem behavior.

"The bad habit is on your team. It's just running its own KPI."

Quick answer

What is Six-Step Reframe? A negotiation between conscious goals and the unconscious 'positive intention' behind a problem behavior. Behavioral change in coaching engagements and executive transitions.

In the wild

Bandler & Grinder's structured reframing protocol.

Why it matters in the room

Behavioral change in coaching engagements and executive transitions.

Counter-move

Identify the positive intention first. Find three new behaviors that satisfy it.

Visual · Pattern
Six-Step Reframe — a recurring shape in how people decide.
Live example · Apply Six-Step Reframe

Use the model. Pick the move.

A negotiation between conscious goals and the unconscious 'positive intention' behind a problem behavior. You've just seen this: Bandler & Grinder's structured reframing protocol. Which lever does the model recommend?

● Live

Pick a lever. There are no neutral ones — every incentive funds a behavior somewhere.

How does this land?

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Human Behavior Element™ · HBE Spec

The full taxonomy entry

Every concept in the Atlas uses the same structure — so Six-Step Reframe can be compared, recombined, and cited like an element on a periodic table.

About the standard →
M
SR
HBT-M6932
Official name
Six-Step Reframe
Mental Models · Behavior
Identity
HBT ID
HBT-M6932
Symbol
SR
Official name
Six-Step Reframe
Synonyms
Behavior
Keywords
Mental Models, Behavior, human behavior, incentive design
Version
v1.0
Last updated
Maintained by The Incentives Lab
Classification
Kingdom
Cognition
Domain
Frameworks
Family
Mental Model
Class
Behavior
Element
Six-Step Reframe
Definition
Scientific
A negotiation between conscious goals and the unconscious 'positive intention' behind a problem behavior.
Plain-English
A negotiation between conscious goals and the unconscious 'positive intention' behind a problem behavior.
Feynman
The bad habit is on your team. It's just running its own KPI.
Core principle
A negotiation between conscious goals and the unconscious 'positive intention' behind a problem behavior.
One-sentence summary
Behavioral change in coaching engagements and executive transitions.
Mechanisms
Psychological
A negotiation between conscious goals and the unconscious 'positive intention' behind a problem behavior.
Behavioral econ.
Behavioral change in coaching engagements and executive transitions.
Neurological
Reward, threat, and salience circuits bias attention toward the cue.
Evolutionary
Heuristics that paid off in ancestral environments now misfire in modern systems.
Sociological
Group norms and status incentives reinforce the pattern across a team.
Computational
Models trained on biased human signals will replicate and amplify the pattern.
Systems thinking
Feedback loops between metrics, incentives, and behavior lock the pattern in place.
Signals & signature
Inputs (activators)
Bandler & Grinder's structured reframing protocol.
Outputs (observable)
Behavioral change in coaching engagements and executive transitions.
Behavioral signature
You see Six-Step Reframe when the explanation for a decision sounds reasonable but the outcome keeps repeating.
Behavioral molecules
Often combines with related Atlas entries — see the rail below.
Pathways · before
A goal, metric, or contract clause makes the behavior rational locally.
Pathways · after
Locally rational choices accumulate into a systemic distortion.
Domains where it shows up
  • Business
  • Leadership
  • Government
  • Healthcare
  • Education
  • Sales
  • Marketing
  • AI
  • Negotiation
  • Media
  • Public Policy
  • Relationships
Examples
Everyday
Bandler & Grinder's structured reframing protocol.
Modern
Behavioral change in coaching engagements and executive transitions.
Historical
A pattern repeatedly documented since the foundational behavioral science literature on mental model.
Famous experiments
See the References block — primary papers in the Atlas link out to the original studies.
Design principles
How to leverage
Behavioral change in coaching engagements and executive transitions.
How to reduce
Identify the positive intention first. Find three new behaviors that satisfy it.
How to redesign
Identify the positive intention first. Find three new behaviors that satisfy it.
The Perverse Incentive Lens™
How it's exploited
Organizations weaponize six-step reframe — sometimes deliberately, often by accident — when metrics reward the symptom rather than the outcome.
Common perverse incentives
Volume metrics, short review windows, bonus cliffs, and contracts that pay on activity rather than impact.
Failure modes
When Six-Step Reframe dominates, teams optimize for the dashboard while the real outcome quietly degrades.
Incentive redesign
Identify the positive intention first. Find three new behaviors that satisfy it.
Ethical considerations
Don't engineer six-step reframe into customers, employees, or citizens as a manipulation tactic — design for informed choice instead.
Diagnostic questions
  • Where in our org would Six-Step Reframe most often show up unnoticed?
  • Which metric, ritual, or contract clause quietly rewards Six-Step Reframe?
  • If we removed every payoff for Six-Step Reframe, what behavior would replace it?
  • Who benefits when Six-Step Reframe persists — and who pays the cost?
Organizational warning signs
Metrics
A KPI is hit while the underlying outcome stalls or worsens.
Behaviors
People route around the rule rather than challenge it.
Language
'That's just how we do it here.' / 'The system requires it.'
Culture
Naming the pattern is treated as disloyalty.
Red flags
  • People defend the status quo using the language of six-step reframe.
  • Decisions cluster around the easiest narrative rather than the strongest evidence.
  • New data changes the slide deck but not the decision.
  • Anyone naming the pattern is treated as the problem.
Intervention playbook
Immediate
Make the perverse payoff visible to the people creating it.
30-day
Run a small pilot that pays for the outcome, not the proxy.
Long-term
Rewrite the comp plan, contract, or ritual so the right behavior becomes the easy behavior.
AI considerations
Detect
Audit training data and reward signals for the same pattern this element describes.
Avoid amplifying
Don't optimize models on metrics that already encode the perverse incentive.
Counteract
Use the model to surface where the pattern is most active, then redesign the incentive — not the model.
Measurement
Metrics
Outcome-to-proxy ratio over time.
Assessment
The Incentives Lab III Diagnostic.
Survey
Calibrated pulse questions on rules vs. outcomes.
Behavioral signals
Where people work around the system.
Observational
Where the dashboard and the lived experience disagree.
Scientific evidence
Evidence grade
Synthesized from the behavioral science literature; see Atlas references.
Replication
Tracked in the Atlas as primary, replicated, or contested.
Intervention confidence
Moderate — patterns generalize, mechanisms vary by context.
Research consensus
Broad agreement on the pattern; ongoing debate on boundary conditions.
Known limitations
Local context, culture, and incentive structure all change the strength of the effect.
Open questions
How does Six-Step Reframe interact with AI-mediated decisions at scale?
References
Meta-analyses
Tracked in the Atlas registry.
Seminal authors
Kahneman, Tversky, Thaler, Ariely, Cialdini, Ostrom, Simon — and the field they built.
Cross references

Every Atlas entry is a node in a knowledge graph. See the related rail below to follow the connections.

Disciplinary layers

See Six-Step Reframe through 4 lenses

Each layer of the Incentives OS reframes this concept with its own thinkers, vocabulary, and diagnostic question.

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Go deeper

Worked example, counter-example & concept map

On-demand AI analysis grounded in the Lab's research. Cached on your device after first run.

How this lands in you

Your nervous system has a region for this.

Primary region
Prefrontal Cortex

When you encounter Six-Step Reframe, your prefrontal cortex has to do extra work to override the automatic response — and that override budget is finite.

Executive control, planning, impulse override, working memory, System 2. First thing to go offline under stress, fatigue, or low blood sugar. Why your 4pm decisions are worse than your 9am ones.

See Prefrontal in the Brain Atlas →
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