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The Incentives Lab
All Layers / Layer 18
Incentives OS · Layer 18

Temporal Models

Discounting, future-self, compounding, second- and third-order effects.

What happens if this incentive compounds for ten years?

Canonical thinkers

  • Derek Parfit
  • Hal Hershfield
  • Daniel Gilbert

Seed concepts

Underlined seeds link to their full glossary entry. Plain seeds are pending a definition page.

Typed connections

Full graph →

How this layer reinforces, counteracts, or depends on the rest of the system.

  • Reinforces·Layer
    This layer reinforces Behavioral Economics

    Hyperbolic discounting is the temporal frame of present bias; both predict the same myopic choice pattern.

  • Explains·HBE
    This layer explains Present Bias

    Present bias is a temporal-discounting phenomenon — the future self is treated like a stranger.

Elements in this layer

148 HBEs
COG10/10/10 Rule

How will I feel about this in 10 minutes / 10 months / 10 years?

INC15-Minute Appointments

Productivity targets compress visits, raising misdiagnosis and burnout.

INCAcquisition-Only Marketing

Funnels rewarded for new logos under-invest in retention and lifetime value.

INCAd-Supported Business Models

Free products monetize attention, structurally aligning incentives against user time well spent.

EMOAffective Forecasting

Predicting how we will feel in the future, usually inaccurately.

INCAlgorithmic Aversion

Discounting algorithmic advice even when superior.

COGAppeal to Novelty

It's better because it's newer.

COGArgument from Repetition (Argumentum ad Nauseam)

Saying it enough times until it sounds true.

INCAttendance-as-Outcome

Seat-time accountability rewards presence over engagement.

IDNAvailability Cascade

A story repeats until it becomes obviously true.

COGBackcasting

Start from the desired future and work backward to the steps that make it inevitable.

IDNBackfire Effect

Contradictory evidence sometimes deepens the original belief.

COGBandwagon Fallacy

It's true because many believe it.

COGBarnum Effect

We accept vague, general statements as personally meaningful.

COGBeginner's Luck

Novices experiencing early success, often due to variance and small samples.

INCBillable-Hour Pricing

Charging by time rewards inefficiency and prolongs disputes.

COGBoundary Extension

Remembering more context around a scene than was actually present.

COGBounded Rationality

Decisions are constrained by available information, cognitive limits, and time.

COGCalibration

Reading micro-shifts in another person's state — breath, color, micro-expression — in real time.

COGChange Personal History

Resourcing past memories with the state you needed at the time, so old triggers stop firing the old response.

COGChemical Reactions

Inputs combine under conditions to produce new outputs — sometimes irreversibly.

BIOChoice Architecture

How options are presented changes which ones get chosen.

COGChoice-Supportive Bias

We remember our past choices as better than they were.

COGChronostasis

Temporal illusion where the first moment after a fast event seems stretched.

COGCommitment

Binding the future self with a present cost-of-defection to overcome impulse and inertia.

SOCCommitment & Consistency

Once we say it publicly, we'll defend it past the data.

COGCommitment Device

A mechanism that locks you into a future action to overcome present temptation.

TIMCompounding

Small advantages, applied consistently, become uncatchable.

COGConsistency Bias

Remembering past attitudes and behavior as more consistent with present ones.

COGCounterpropaganda

Countering hostile narratives with truthful, well-timed alternatives.

COGCrowd Folly

Groups sometimes behave as foolishly as the worst individuals.

INCData Drift

Underlying data distribution changes over time.

COGDiminishing Returns

Each additional unit produces less marginal benefit.

TIMDiscount Rate

How much we value the present over the future.

COGDiversification Bias

We choose more variety than we'll actually want when picking for the future all at once.

INCElection Cycle Bias

Politicians optimize for the next election, not the next generation.

COGElimination-by-Aspects

Cut options by knocking out one attribute at a time, hardest threshold first.

INCEmbedding

Vector representation of content for similarity and search.

IDNEmpathy Gap

Cold-state decisions don't survive hot-state moments.

COGEnd-of-History Illusion

We believe we will change less in the future than we actually will.

BIOEnergy Management

Time is fixed; energy is not. Manage the renewable.

INCEngagement-Time Paradox

Time-on-app is the wrong thing to maximize for users — but the right thing for revenue.

COGEnvy/Jealousy Tendency

We measure ourselves against peers, not against our past selves.

COGErgodicity

Average outcomes across the population differ from outcomes across time for one person.

COGEtymological Fallacy

Insisting on a word's original meaning over its current one.

COGEuphoric Recall

Remembering past experiences as more positive than they were.

SYSExternalities

Costs or benefits that affect third parties not involved in a transaction.

COGEye Accessing Cues

Eye movements that loosely correlate with which representational system is active — visual, auditory, kinesthetic.

COGFake News

False information presented as legitimate journalism.

COGFalse Dichotomy

Presenting two options as the only possibilities.

COGFalse Dilemma

Presenting two options as the only possibilities when more exist.

COGFan Effect

As more facts are learned about a topic, retrieving any one fact slows.

COGFeature-Positive Effect

We notice what's present more than what's absent.

COGFixes That Fail

A solution works in the short run and creates a worse version of the original problem in the long run.

BIOFlow State

Neurological state of peak performance and engagement.

COGFresh Start Effect

Temporal landmarks (Monday, January, birthday) trigger new behavior attempts.

TIMFuture Self Continuity

How vividly we connect to our future self predicts long-term decision quality.

COGGambler's Fallacy

Believing past random events influence future independent ones.

MOTGoal Hierarchy Pyramid

Lifetime purpose → multi-year missions → annual goals → quarterly bets → weekly actions.

TIMHabit

An automatic action triggered by a stable cue — built through repetition.

Showing the first 60 of 148. Full graph view coming in Phase 2.