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The Incentives Lab
All Layers / Layer 09
Incentives OS · Layer 9

Persuasion & Behavior Design

Cialdini, Fogg, nudge theory — the levers that make a behavior more or less likely right now.

What is making this behavior easier than the alternative?

Canonical thinkers

  • Robert Cialdini
  • BJ Fogg
  • Richard Thaler
  • Cass Sunstein

Seed concepts

Underlined seeds link to their full glossary entry. Plain seeds are pending a definition page.

Typed connections

Full graph →

How this layer reinforces, counteracts, or depends on the rest of the system.

  • Instance of·Layer
    This layer is an instance of Behavioral Economics

    Cialdini's six principles are applied biases — persuasion is BE deployed as influence.

  • Creates risk of·Layer
    This layer creates risk of Moral Philosophy

    Influence techniques that exploit System 1 can erode the consent moral philosophy requires.

  • Reinforces·Layer
    Network Science reinforces this layer

    Influence travels through ties; persuasion's reach is set by network structure, not just message quality.

Elements in this layer

86 HBEs
INC'Spend to Save' Promotions

Discount framing nudges people to buy things they wouldn't otherwise want.

COGAffinity / Liking Bias

We favor people who are similar to us or who like us.

COGAppeal to Authority

It's true because authority says so.

COGArgument from Authority

Using an authority's opinion as evidence, regardless of its merits.

COGAuthority

We defer to perceived expertise, rank, or uniform.

SOCAuthority Bias

We overweight whoever has the bigger title in the room.

SOCBehavioral Game Theory

Game theory adjusted for how humans actually play — including fairness, reciprocity, and limited reasoning.

BIOBrainwashing

The mind can be socially influenced toward conclusions that bypass scrutiny.

COGBribery

Offering value in exchange for influence over a decision.

INCClimate Pledges Without Enforcement

Voluntary commitments reward PR while deferring real abatement.

INCComfort-Seeking Defaults

Choosing the easy path repeatedly compounds into stagnation.

COGCommitment

Binding the future self with a present cost-of-defection to overcome impulse and inertia.

SOCCommitment & Consistency

Once we say it publicly, we'll defend it past the data.

COGCommitment Device

A mechanism that locks you into a future action to overcome present temptation.

TIMCompounding

Small advantages, applied consistently, become uncatchable.

COGConceptual Priming

Exposure to a stimulus quietly activates related concepts that bias subsequent behavior.

COGConfounding Factor

A hidden variable that influences both supposed cause and supposed effect.

COGConsistency Bias

Remembering past attitudes and behavior as more consistent with present ones.

ENVContext Effect

Environmental factors influence perception and judgment.

ENVContext Effects in Influence

The same message in a different setting produces a different result.

COGContinued Influence Effect

Believing previously learned misinformation even after it has been corrected.

COGDark Side of Influence

Influence tactics weaponized — manipulation, coercion, exploitation of trust.

INCDating App Gamification

Endless choice and swipe loops reduce commitment and increase dissatisfaction.

COGDefault Effect

Whatever is pre-selected wins more often than it should.

BIODefault Effect (Neural)

Defaults bypass active cognition.

BIODefault Mode Network

Brain network active during rest and mind-wandering — and during creative insight.

BIODiet & Decision Quality

Glucose, omega-3s, sleep, and hydration each influence decision quality.

COGDisliking/Hating Tendency

We dismiss the ideas and merits of people we dislike.

COGDrug-Misinfluence Tendency

Substance dependence distorts judgment and accelerates decline.

COGEnclothed Cognition

What we wear influences how we think and perform.

BIOEnergy Output Minimization

The brain minimizes effort by default — most cognition is on cruise control.

COGEscalation of Commitment

Continuing a failing course of action because of prior investment.

EMOFear, Uncertainty, Doubt (FUD)

A strategy to influence behavior by amplifying fear and uncertainty.

COGGambler's Fallacy

Believing past random events influence future independent ones.

COGHard vs. Soft Influence Tactics

Hard tactics use pressure and authority; soft tactics use rapport, reasoning, and inspiration.

INCHospital Occupancy Targets

Systems paid per filled bed have weak incentives to invest in prevention or community health.

IDNIllusion of Control

Believing we influence outcomes that are largely random.

COGImmunity to Change

Behaviors you can't change are usually protecting a hidden, competing commitment.

COGInfluence Agent Credibility

Persuasion power is a function of perceived expertise × perceived trustworthiness.

INCInfluencer Authenticity Inversion

Authenticity becomes a performance the moment it becomes a paycheck.

COGInformation Overwhelm Filter

A pre-commitment to gatekeepers (curators, trusted reviewers, criteria) so the flood of content doesn't drown the signal.

COGLiking

We say yes more often to people we like.

SOCLiking Bias

We're more persuaded by people we like.

COGMilgram Experiment

People will obey authority even when asked to harm others.

COGMinority Influence

A consistent minority can shift the majority's views over time.

BIOMirror Neurons

Neurons that fire both when acting and when observing the action.

INCMortgage Origination Pre-2008

Originators paid on volume, not on default rates.

SOCNormal Distribution

A symmetric bell-shaped distribution where most values cluster around the mean.

ENVNudge

A change to the choice architecture that predictably shifts behavior — without removing options.

COGOpportunity Cost

The value of the next-best thing you could have done.

COGOpportunity Cost Audit

Every yes is a no to everything else competing for that hour, dollar, or slot.

COGPessimism Bias

Overestimating the probability of bad outcomes.

INCPre-2008 Mortgage Origination

Originators paid on volume, not on default rates, fueled the subprime collapse.

COGPrecommitment

Choosing to restrict your future options now, to avoid making a worse choice later.

COGPresupposition (Linguistic)

An assumption embedded in a sentence's structure — accepted by default unless actively challenged.

INCPsychology of Scarcity

Scarcity (of money, time, bandwidth) narrows attention and degrades decision quality.

COGReciprocal Altruism

Cooperation between unrelated agents when future reciprocity is likely.

SOCReciprocity

Responding in kind — favors for favors, harms for harms.

SOCReciprocity Bias

When someone does us a favor, we feel pressure to return it.

BIOSalience Network

Brain system that decides what's important right now.

Showing the first 60 of 86. Full graph view coming in Phase 2.