Ecological Fallacy

Using personal stories or isolated examples instead of evidence.

Concluding that a claim is false because the argument for it is flawed.

Assuming qualities of one thing transfer to another because they are associated.

Assuming something exists because we can name or define it.

Relying solely on metrics that are easily quantified while ignoring what matters.

Cherry-picking data to fit a pattern after the fact.

Deriving general rules from specific examples; the leap from instance to concept.

The brain evolved to reason adaptively, not always truthfully, to reduce the cost of errors.

We solve problems by adding, even when subtracting would be better.

Assuming that if one option is true, another must be false, when both can be true.

Presuming a purposeful actor behind events that may have no actor at all.

What cannot be settled by experiment is not worth debating.