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The Incentives Lab
Learning path · 6 terms

Rhetoric Defense Kit

Bad arguments, named — so they stop working on you

Most boardroom 'logic' is a fallacy you haven't named yet. Once you can name them, they lose their power. This is the executive's pocket field guide.

  1. 01
    Fallacy · Relevance

    Ad Hominem

    Attack the person, not the argument.

    Attacking the person rather than the argument.

    Try it · 30 seconds
    Live · Spot ad hominem

    Spot the ad-hominem.

    A junior analyst presents a forecast. Three responses:

    Open the full definition →
  2. 02
    Fallacy · Relevance

    Appeal to Authority

    'Because they said so' is not evidence.

    It's true because authority says so.

    Try it · 30 seconds
    Live · Spot appeal to authority

    Spot the appeal to authority.

    PM: 'We should ship daily.' Engineer: ' '

    Open the full definition →
  3. 03
    Fallacy · Definition

    Begging the Question

    The conclusion is hidden in the premise.

    Assuming the conclusion in the premise.

    Try it · 30 seconds
    Live example · Feel begging the question

    Drag yourself across Begging the Question.

    Real scene: Strategy decks that assume the bet, then 'validate' it. The pull below is the same one begging the question exerts on the call. Find the position where you stop being able to defend yourself with logic.

    ● Live
    Trust the dataTrust the gut
    040100
    Calibrated

    In the room: Decisions made under the illusion of analysis.

    Open the full definition →
  4. 04
    Fallacy · Statistical

    Cherry-Picking

    Select the data that wins, ignore the rest.

    Selecting only the data that supports the conclusion.

    Try it · 30 seconds
    Live · Catch cherry-picking

    A growth team reports: 'Conversion up 18% on Tuesdays.' You ask about the other days. Crickets. What's likely?

    Open the full definition →
  5. 05
    Fallacy · Relevance

    Bandwagon Fallacy

    Popular ≠ true. Often the opposite.

    It's true because many believe it.

    Try it · 30 seconds
    Live example · Feel bandwagon fallacy

    Drag yourself across Bandwagon Fallacy.

    Real scene: Every competitor adds AI; we must add it somewhere. The pull below is the same one bandwagon fallacy exerts on the call. Find the position where you stop being able to defend yourself with logic.

    ● Live
    Trust the dataTrust the gut
    040100
    Calibrated

    In the room: Strategy by consensus, not by analysis.

    Open the full definition →
  6. 06
    Mental Models · Reasoning

    Argument from Ignorance

    'Nobody's proven it false' isn't proof it's true.

    Claiming something is true because it has not been proven false.

    Try it · 30 seconds
    Live example · Apply Argument from Ignorance

    Use the model. Pick the move.

    Claiming something is true because it has not been proven false. You've just seen this: 'We have never had a security breach, so we are secure.' Which lever does the model recommend?

    ● Live

    Pick a lever. There are no neutral ones — every incentive funds a behavior somewhere.

    Open the full definition →
Closing thought

Read this once. Then start spotting them in real meetings. You won't be able to stop.

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