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The Incentives Lab
HBT-INC-0064 · Dimension INC · Incentives

Cobra Effect

A reward designed to reduce X produces more X.

Universal Pattern Perverse Pattern·Perverse Incentive·Grade C·draft· enriching…

Scientific Definition

A reward designed to reduce X produces more X.

Plain-English Definition

A reward designed to reduce X produces more X.

Feynman Explanation

Pay for dead cobras; get cobra farms.

Core Principle

A reward designed to reduce X produces more X.

Mechanisms

Psychological

Pending editorial review.

Behavioral Economic

A reward designed to reduce X produces more X.

Neurological

Pending editorial review.

Evolutionary

Pending editorial review.

Sociological

Bug bounties producing intentional bugs. KPIs producing the metric without the value.

Computational

Pending editorial review.

Systems

Pending editorial review.

Inputs (Triggers)

Pending editorial review.

Outputs (Behaviors)

Pending editorial review.

Behavioral Signature

Pay for dead cobras; get cobra farms.

Examples

Everyday
  • British colonial India: bounty on cobras led locals to breed cobras for cash.
Modern (Organizational)
  • Bug bounties producing intentional bugs. KPIs producing the metric without the value.
Historical

Pending editorial review.

Famous Experiments

Pending editorial review.

Design Principles

  • Red-team every new incentive: how would I game this?

Measurement Approaches

Pending editorial review.

Evidence

Evidence Grade
C (A strongest → E speculative)
Replication
★★★☆☆
Intervention Confidence
4 / 5
Consensus
Pending editorial review (HBT v1.0 auto-seed).
Limitations
Pending editorial review (HBT v1.0 auto-seed).
Open Research Questions

Pending editorial review.

Primary References

Pending editorial review.

Signature Section

The Perverse Incentive Lens™

How this behavior is exploited — and how to redesign around it.

Exploitation
Bug bounties producing intentional bugs. KPIs producing the metric without the value.
Amplifying Incentives
Bug bounties producing intentional bugs. KPIs producing the metric without the value.
Org Failure Modes
Bug bounties producing intentional bugs. KPIs producing the metric without the value.
Societal Failure Modes
Pending editorial review (HBT v1.0 auto-seed).
Ethical Considerations
Pending editorial review (HBT v1.0 auto-seed).
Redesign Strategies
Red-team every new incentive: how would I game this?
Diagnostic Questions
  • Red-team every new incentive: how would I game this?
Warning Signs

Pending editorial review.

Red Flags

Pending editorial review.

Intervention Playbook
Individual
Red-team every new incentive: how would I game this?
Team
Pending editorial review (HBT v1.0 auto-seed).
Organization
Pending editorial review (HBT v1.0 auto-seed).
Policy
Pending editorial review (HBT v1.0 auto-seed).
AI Implications
Detection
Pending editorial review (HBT v1.0 auto-seed).
Measurement
Pending editorial review (HBT v1.0 auto-seed).
Mitigation
Pending editorial review (HBT v1.0 auto-seed).
Responsible Use
Pending editorial review (HBT v1.0 auto-seed).

Interactive Mini Network

Click any neighbor to re-center the graph and follow the threads of connection.

HBT-INC-0064 · INC
Cobra Effect
CEAPAnnual Performance R…CLCampbell's LawCOCharity Overhead TrapCOCharity Overhead Tra…EMEfficiency MonocultureFLFederal Land Exchang…GLGoodhart's LawHDHyper-Specialization…LOLocal-Optimum Optimi…MIMisaligned Incentive…

Knowledge Graph Neighbors

Auto-linked to the rest of the Human Behavior Taxonomy by family, domain, dimension, and shared keywords.

Version History

v1.1.0 · 2026-06-28Initial auto-seed from corpus.